Centre for Independent Studies

What is the Science of Learning? By Trisha Jha.

What is the Science of Learning? By Trisha Jha.Listen to all our research here: https://cisresearch.podbean.com/Despite billions of additional experts and concerted efforts at reforming several pillars of the Australian education ecosystem, students’ results continue to plateau. While the focus on teaching quality and effective, evidence-based practices is welcome, it is incomplete. Australian education needs to position the science of learning as the foundation for policy and practice.
The establishment of the Australian Education Research Organisation (AERO) — in particular its recent work How students learn best — and the Strong Beginnings report into initial teacher education reforms are important because they create space for shifting focus towards the science of learning.
Unfortunately, key pillars of Australian education policy do not reflect the science of learning, due to the far-reaching impacts of progressive educational beliefs dating back to the 18th century.
These beliefs include that:
Students learn best when they themselves guide their learning and it aligns with their interest;
Rote learning is harmful;
Learning should be based on projects or experiences, and that doing this will result in critical and creative thinkers.
But these beliefs are contradicted by the science of learning, which is the connection between: 1) insights from cognitive science and educational psychology; and 2) the teaching practices  supported (and not supported) by those insights. Key concepts include:
Biologically primary knowledge (BPK) and biologically secondary knowledge (BSK): These concepts are not about stages of schooling. Rather, BPK includes things like basic social relations and problem-solving skills we have evolved to learn and do not need to be taught. In contrast, BSK includes foundational skills — like reading, writing, maths as well as coding, Cubism and how to kick a football (what schools are for) — we can only learn through instruction;
Domain-specific and domain-general skills: domain-general skills overlap with biologically-primary knowledge but critical thinking and analysis are specific to domains such as maths, history etc;
Working memory and long-term memory: working memory is severely limited and can only handle small amounts of new information; making it a funnel to long-term memory. A strong long-term memory can help strengthen working memory; and
Cognitive load theory: given these models of human cognition, teachers should design instruction to optimise the burden on working memory in a way that best helps learning.
The teaching approach best supported by the evidence is explicit instruction of a well-sequenced, knowledge-focused curriculum. Some key features of explicit instruction include:
Careful ordering of curriculum content so that new information and concepts are built sequentially;
Explanation of new information in small steps, taught through modelling and worked examples, with student practice after each step;
Asking questions and checking for all students’ understanding of what has been taught before gradual release of students for independent work and more complex tasks; and
Regular review of previous content to ensure retention.
There are many implications for the science of learning:
For teachers, it is an opportunity to design instruction in a way that is likely to lead to most students’ success with learning;
Parents can become more informed about how their child will learn best and more empowered when selecting or having conversations with their child’s school; and
For policymakers, it provides a foundation for future reform of policy at all levels.Read the paper here: https://www.cis.org.au/publication/what-is-the-science-of-learning/

We need to restart dialogue between faith and reason for a new philosophy | David de Carvalho

Watch here: https://youtu.be/lgExhylzqG4?si=Ile66rcGVQls_5ek Follow this show: https://liberalisminquestion.podbean.com/David de Carvalho is the Executive Dean, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Theology at The University of Notre Dame Australia. Prior to this role, David was the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA). He has extensive experience in leading major reforms at both national and state level and a deep personal passion for, and understanding of, education.In the episode, he chats with Rob about his article, Modern Western malaise 500 years in the making .

Senator Jacinta Nampijinpa Price's Insightful Outlook

Watch here: https://youtu.be/5ELTO4fBpRw?si=WU3AHp99wWZszSLP 
 
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In this enthralling episode of Liberalism in Question, host Rob Forsyth engages in a deep dialogue about Indigenous affairs in Australia with influential Senator Jacinta Nampijinpa Price. Distinguished as one of Australia's most notable figures in 2023, Price imparts a fresh perspective on her experiences and shares her critical views on the prevailing policies affecting Indigenous Australians.
Through this riveting conversation, Price unearths the damaging effects of the 'groupthink' mentality and the policy of self-determination that has not met its promised outcomes over the past fifty years. She further discusses the debilitating narrative that portrays Aboriginal Australians as victims and demythologizes beliefs surrounding colonialism and modernization. This conversation serves as an open revelation on the realities of Indigenous Australians and a call for a liberal visionary approach for their future.
In delving profounder into these intricacies, Price presents a confounding analysis of socio-cultural allusions and stereotypes prevalent in the Indigenous community. From the Indigenous feminist movement to violence in remote communities and the intersections of traditional culture with modern norms - this expansive discussion scrutinizes dominant narratives and accentuates the need for honest recognition of traditional society's strengths and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the dialogue hones in on the individual complexities within the Indigenous community, shifting focus from race-based policies to ones centered around need and personal specifics.
The worthy culmination of this spirited chat lies in a heartfelt sharing of Price's Grandfather's life story - a man who defied societal norms and inspired resilience in his lineage. This episode guarantees to be a deep contemplation of the past, a critique of the present, and an optimistic projection for Australia's future from an Indigenous viewpoint. It is a must-listen for all interested in gaining a deeper understanding of Indigenous affairs in Australia.
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Fraser Nelson - Is liberalism suffocating in the UK?

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In this engaging episode of "Liberalism in Question", host Rob Forsyth dialogues with Fraser Nelson, renowned UK journalist and editor of The Spectator. The conversation plunges deep into the dynamics of liberalism, the wrestle for "social justice", and the influence of government on societal transformation.
Nelson, an avowed liberal, articulates his understanding of social cohesion's significance and the hazards of an overpowering government. The discourse broadly encompasses the transforming descriptions of liberalism and conservatism, the repercussion of net zero climate objectives, and inspirations from historic figures such as Robert Menzies and Margaret Thatcher. The episode also brings to light the considerable challenges encountered by conservatives in acknowledging emerging societal issues like climate change.
Nelson underscores the necessity of adhering to liberal principles and sidestepping impulsive policy decisions influenced by popular clamor. Reflecting on the Queen's address to the United Nations, Nelson indicates that profound societal alterations often spawn from the aspirations of millions as opposed to the resolutions of prime ministers.
The discussion culminates with an introspection into the intellectual tradition of liberal thinkers in the UK and the present status of liberalism under a Conservative government. This episode offers an in-depth discourse on UK's political ethos and the future trajectory of liberalism from an esteemed political commentator's perspective. The conversation covers the intricacies of current political parties, their stances, and the potential repercussions of future elections.
From the prospect of a Labour Party victory in the ensuing UK general election to apprehensions surrounding press freedom; from the American political scenario's impact on UK politics to the Brexit's national implications - this episode leaves no stone unturned. Substantive discussions orbit the well-being of liberalism post-Brexit, the allure of Scottish nationalism amid political uncertainties, and the convoluted status of Northern Ireland post-Brexit.
Nelson imparts his vision of the future, predicting a backlash against identity politics and a resurgence of fundamental ideals like unity, freedom of speech, and equality. This episode serves as a comprehensive examination of UK's political landscape and a contemplative dialogue on the vitality of liberalism and the imperative for convincing, argumentative politicians in the future.

John Mearsheimer on the Battle Between Liberalism vs Nationalism

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In this episode, Rob chats with John Mearsheimer, the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. Mearsheimer presents a nuanced perspective on liberalism, emphasising a crucial distinction between its positive impact domestically and its potential pitfalls when applied as a foreign policy approach. He delves into his views on modern-day liberalism, exploring the concept's "crusader impulse" and its role in intervening in other states' perceived rights. Mearsheimer critically examines instances where the U.S., driven by a belief in the universality of liberalism, has sought to impose its values on other nations, resulting in interventions like Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria.
He highlights the unintended consequences of such interventions, often leading to the rise of nationalism in the affected regions. Mearsheimer explores the intricate bond between liberalism and nationalism, expressing his disagreement with prevailing foreign policy stances that tend to fuel nationalist sentiments. Mearsheimer provides insightful perspectives on the complexities of liberalism and its intersection with nationalism in the realm of foreign policy.
 
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Nuclear for Australia with William Shackel

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On this episode Rob chats with 17-year-old founder of Australia’s first youth-lead campaign for nuclear energy: Nuclear for Australia, William Shackel. William is actively pushing for the reconsideration of Australia's unique ban on nuclear energy, positioning himself at the forefront of this crucial debate in the Australian landscape. Motivated by his youthful perspective, he is dedicated to addressing the pressing issues surrounding the current and future climate and energy crisis. As Australia grapples with discussions on renewables and strives to achieve its 2050 Net Zero target, William contends that lifting the ban on nuclear energy is a pivotal step towards securing a sustainable future for Australia and subsequent generations.#auspol

Howardism, ideals and power | Andrew Blyth

Watch this episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mLxvbHp3eU&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=CentreforIndependentStudies 
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Andrew Blyth was manager of the John Howard Prime Ministerial Library and Exhibition located at Old Parliament House, 2016-2023. He was chief of staff and a senior adviser in the Howard Government. He lectures in ideals and power to cadets and midshipmen at UNSW Canberra at the Australian Defence Force Academy and is undertaking a doctorate in public leadership at UNSW Canberra. He also hosts a podcast series, Advancing AUKUS for the Security & Defence PLuS initiative of UNSW, King’s College London and Arizona State University.
Are you looking for sound, thought-provoking conversations on current affairs, politics, and culture from a Classical Liberal perspective? If yes, you are in the right place. Liberalism in Question engages some of our society’s most prominent researchers, political figures, and free speech advocates --finding out their views on the state of Classical Liberalism.
About the host: The Right Reverend Robert Forsyth was the Anglican Bishop of South Sydney, a region of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney, from 2000 to 2015. Before this he was the rector of St. Barnabas, Broadway and chaplain to the University of Sydney. Robert gave the 2001 Acton Lecture Dangerous Protections: How some ways of protecting the freedom of religion may actually diminish religious freedom and was awarded the Alan McGregor Fellowship at Consilium in 2010. Robert has been extensively involved in the areas of religious freedom and public policy.
 
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Chaos in society creates freedom | David Hart

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMKe4R2M74E&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=CentreforIndependentStudies 
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David Hart is the Online Library director at the Liberty Fund and academic editor of the Collected Works of Frédéric Bastiat. Dr. Hart is an historian and a libertarian with interests in the history of the classical liberal tradition (especially the French), war and culture, libertarian class theory, and film. He has a PhD from King's College, Cambridge, a masters from Stanford University, and a BA Honours degree from Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He taught in the Department of History at the University of Adelaide in South Australia for 15 years.
 
Are you looking for sound, thought-provoking conversations on current affairs, politics, and culture from a Classical Liberal perspective? If yes, you are in the right place. Liberalism in Question engages some of our society’s most prominent researchers, political figures, and free speech advocates --finding out their views on the state of Classical Liberalism.
About the host: The Right Reverend Robert Forsyth was the Anglican Bishop of South Sydney, a region of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney, from 2000 to 2015. Before this he was the rector of St. Barnabas, Broadway and chaplain to the University of Sydney. Robert gave the 2001 Acton Lecture Dangerous Protections: How some ways of protecting the freedom of religion may actually diminish religious freedom and was awarded the Alan McGregor Fellowship at Consilium in 2010. Robert has been extensively involved in the areas of religious freedom and public policy.
#auspol

Has Trump killed liberalism? | Jason Riley

Watch this episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bjwgoJtP7Y&t=7s&ab_channel=CentreforIndependentStudies 
Follow this show: https://liberalisminquestion.podbean.com/In this new special episode of 'Liberalism in Question,' Robert Forsyth and his guest Jason Riley, a member of The Wall Street Journal's editorial board and distinguished conservative commentator, delve into the dynamics of liberalism, the Trump presidency, and the African-American legacy in the United States. 'Liberalism in Question' offers rich perspectives on crucial issues, encouraging reflection and discussion. Don't miss this stimulating conversation. Subscribe and join us for an in-depth exploration of political and social affairs.
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Do groups have rights? | Dr. Joel Harrison

Watch this episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLW085RZmSQ&t=1701s&ab_channel=CentreforIndependentStudies 
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What is "Post Liberalism"?Do you have to be a Christian to understand it? Can the free market give us ethics? What happens when individual rights class with collect rights?Do collectives like churches, schools and other institutions even have rights? Join Dr. Joel Harrison, an expert in constitutional law and religious freedom, and CIS's Robert Forsyth, for an in depth discussion of these questions and more.Dr. Joel Harrison, an expert in constitutional and religious law, senior lecturer in law at Macquarie University and Sydney University, is a recognised specialist in constitutionalism and religious freedom. Robert Forsyth, an eminent scholar in religious freedom and public policy, has held distinguished positions in academia. He is known for his expertise in the intersection of religious liberty and public affairs In each episode, delve into the intricate realm of modern politics with enlightening debates and unique insights. 'Liberalism in Question' offers you a captivating journey into the issues shaping our society
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